Budgeting as a form of management control Essay

Budgeting as a form of management control - Essay Example Budgeting is a very useful tool in businesses. The benefits to be gained from budgeting are numerous and are available to all companies inclusive of Production Solutions Ltd. It ensures the achievement of the organisation’s objectives (BPP 1998) by forcing managers to carry out an assessment of what may happen in the future and set detailed plans for achieving the targeted results for the functional departments in the organisation. It also takes into consideration the problems that are likely to be encountered. Budgeting communicates ideas and plans (BPP 1998) so as to ensure that each employee that is affected by the plan is aware of his or her role in helping the organisation to achieve its goals. Communication can either be two-way or one-way. Two-way communication allows for dialogue until an understanding exists of what exactly needs to be done. One way communication takes place when management gives instructions or orders to subordinates to perform a task.Budgeting can a lso coordinate activities among the various departments at Production Solutions Ltd to ensure that there is full integration of the efforts to achieve the goals that have been set. In this respect the sales expected will be communicated in the sales forecast and the production department will base its production plans on the sales forecasted. The purchasing department will plan its purchases based on the amount of buffer stock it needs to maintain at all times and in conjunction with the production plan. Budgeting can provide a framework for responsibility accounting (BPP 1998) by making the different functional departments or budget centres at Production Solutions Ltd responsible for achieving their plans for the operations under their control. Budgeting can also establish a system of control by way of managers comparing the actual results with the plan (BPP 1998). Any deviation from the plan needs to be investigated and appropriate actions taken to close the gap between the result s and the plan. Additionally, budgeting can be used to motivate employees to improve their performance by offering them rewards if they meet their targets. BPP 1992 suggests that two levels of attainment should be set so as to challenge employees. â€Å"A minimum expectations budget and a desired standards budget which provides some sort of challenge to employees†. The appraisal system lets them know how badly or how well they are doing and what they can do to improve performance if they are performing below standard. The cash budget will indicate cash surplus and cash requirements. Therefore, management can make decisions on how to address the shortfall where this exist. The cash budget for the Company suggests that it may not be a good idea to carry out the plans noted as it could place the company in a worse position than it is in currently. The increased sales and the resultant changes in the credit terms will affect the profits and the cash flow position respectively. At tention should be placed on preparing a master budget which will link or integrate the various functions in the organisation. A master budget is an essential management tool that communicates management’

Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nature - Essay Example On the contrary, natural food products are not defined by any criteria or federal laws. Moreover, they are not defined by federal or legal supervision. Consequently, food products that are labelled as natural are composed of less chemical additives and preservatives compared to other processed foods. To this end, examples of natural food products include eggs, nuts, fruits, dairy products, vegetables, beans, apples, green tea among many more. Green tea is classified as a natural food product because it undergoes minimal processing stages. Furthermore, it contains the most natural antioxidant polyphenols. The most evident polyphenols are epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (The George Mateljan Foundation). Moreover, as a natural food product, it is consistent with an array of ingredients that can consequently be traced back to nature. Evidently, green tea is a herbal extract from green tea leaves also known by the scientific name as Camellia Sinensis. The Camellia Simensis tree contains distinct flower and herbal infusions known as tisanes. The tree can grow naturally in the wild and reach heights of up to 30 feet. However, on tree plantations it is maintained as a shrub with heights of about 3 feet through constant pruning. Evidently, the green tea leaves achieve more flavour in the event that they are grown at higher altitudes. The green tea plants produce rich foliage, a berry and, a flower similar to camellia. In terms of harvest, only the youngest and smallest tea leaves are picked for tea. Moreover, when engaging in discussion pertaining to the green tea ingredients, it is more in recognition to the nutritional value. Consequently, the ingredients of green tea mainly refer to the natural nutrients present within it. Evidently, polyphenols or catechins are nutritional ingredients in green tea (The George Mateljan Foundation). Polyphenols are vital antioxidant ingredients. Moreover, they are naturally occurring ingredients found within the green tea leaves. Mo reover, polyphenols are equally present in vegetables and fruits that grow naturally. The polyphenols are credited with protecting the body from free radical damage. In particular, the polyphenols present in green tea is known as quercetin that is also present in citrus fruits. To this end, the quercetin polyphenols is known to relieve people from asthma and allergies. Green tea also contains other ingredients such as caffeine, theophylline, flavonols or tannin,copper, essential oils, nickel, vitamin C, carotene, vitamins B1, A, B12, P and K, iron, calcium, magnesium, saponins, strontium, zinc, theobromine, wax and fat. Interestingly enough, the quantitative contents of the ingredients depend on cultivation area of the leaves. To this end, the contents are influenced by the climatic region and altitude of the cultivation area. Furthermore, the quantitative contents are equally influenced by the growth stage of the green tea leaves. . In terms of processing, the harvested tea leaves are briefly steamed. Thus making them soft, pliable, and protected them from color change or fermentation. The steaming process is soon followed by rolling the leaves out and spreading them out for drying with a pan fried in a wok or hot air. This process continues until the leaves are crisp and greenish-yellow tea colour is produced. The resulting flavour is very

How successful has the prison system been in achieving a balance Essay

How successful has the prison system been in achieving a balance between disciplinary and therapeutic strategies in dealing with - Essay Example Northern Ireland has the least number of inmates at less than 2,000 and only few prisons. Drug abuse in the UK is governed by Misuse of Drugs Act and several other laws that prohibit organised crimes related to illicit drugs. It is estimated that over 300,000 individuals in UK consume illegal drugs and one third of the drug addicts engage in routine crimes. About 75,000 drug users enter the prison system annually with about 16 percent of the drug addicts abusing drugs regularly while in prison (Robinson & Crow 2009). On average, 55 percent of prisoners have drug related problems while about one third of suicide deaths and self-harm crimes are committed within the first week of imprisonment (Robinson & Crow 2009). The UK prison system has successfully attained a balance between the disciplinary role of the prison strategies and therapeutic strategies in dealing with drug abuse problem (Tonry 2004). Historically, any prison system was used to discipline the offenders through harsh puni shments and long imprisonment terms. However, due to the high number of repeat offenders, many prison systems including the United Kingdom have implemented new measures of rehabilitating the offenders and controlling repeat offences (Robinson & Crow 2009). ... The prison system has contained the offenders in a humane manner thus allowing the offenders to successfully integrate in the society after their imprisonment term (Gravett 2000). Substance abuse is a critical problem among the prison population. Therapeutic treatments for the offenders benefit both the individual and wider society. Some therapeutic strategies include detoxification in order to manage the withdrawal symptoms and prevent the long run relapse in to substance abuse (Mathiesen 2006). The UK prison system has also implemented community based therapeutic services within the prisons that enable health workers to attend to drug offenders. The National Probation Service ensures that the prison staffs continually improve the access to therapeutic care and implement strategies that minimize supply of drugs in the prison system (Tonry 2004). Some of the challenges experienced in the therapeutic strategies include illicit access of drugs in the prisons, increased harm to prisoner s due to overdose and integration of the CARAT services in to a multi-agency therapeutic team. The prison system provides methadone or buprenorphine that is made to limit withdrawal symptoms. The prison population has increased and role of drug enforcement must be emphasized. Significant populations of the drug offenders are seeking minimal punishments under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Drug law enforcement is responsible for about one third of the imprisoned offenders in the UK prison system. Illegal drug users over the age of 18 years are considered serious criminals while high drug dependency among the low-income individuals is likely to engage in other

Why is Family Important Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why is Family Important - Research Paper Example ly is a combination of the people, their individual personalities, their financial and emotional relations and interdependence, and how they interact with each other -Families provide legal protection to the right of inheritance -Family history in medicine is a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment planning -Positive families lead to creation of positive individuals, who accomplish more as individuals -Families give emotional strength when positive relations exist, and create important examples for children to follow as adults -Controversy exists between schools of thoughts in individualism and collectivism over the importance and role of family CONCLUSION Families in all of its form remain an essential unit of society. a positive family environment translates in to well protected and emotionally sound individuals, who become better contributors to society The current debate in sociology regarding family and family systems is far more complex, with its implications even more so. Th e most important question that has risen is the simple question whether family is important in human society or not. Individualism and collectivism come at a deadlock here, for each group stands to demonstrate two different concepts of self and roles in societies. Family sadly suffers from the tug and pull of these two ideologies, which is easily seen by the many new family systems that have currently developed. Therefore, the most important question that arises before impact of different family systems is whether family is important in current societies. Although appearing as a simple term, the word family is often the most difficult to describe and define. This is because the word family has come to identify many close emotional, physical and biological social interactions, which take...Family sadly suffers from the tug and pull of these two ideologies, which is easily seen by the many new family systems that have currently developed. Therefore, the most important question that ar ises before impact of different family systems is whether family is important in current societies. Although appearing as a simple term, the word family is often the most difficult to describe and define. This is because the word family has come to identify many close emotional, physical and biological social interactions, which take different meanings in separate cultures (Allan and Allan, 1999, pp 21). The definitions therefore, vary, depending upon the context in which family is defined.

Checkout paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Checkout paper 2 - Essay Example She even agreed that not able to attend schools due to sickness was causing a hard time for her. â€Å"I believe that I am feeling ill most of the time and sometimes the intensity of sickness increases which compels me to take off from the school. Since I am missing my classes, I am lagging behind from my classmates and it is quite disturbing for me. It is even giving me a hard time.† I think it was the right time to ask for clarifying me her viewpoint so that I could probe her for more information. I even realized that she was having difficulty in sharing her feeling and my question gave her space to open up and she responded to me appropriately: It was important to summarize and reflect on her responses so that we both were on the same pace and the matter could be resolved. Her response shed light on the solution which she was seeking for undertaking few measures for getting fit and healthy: â€Å"The medications make me tiresome and I feel sleepy during the classes too. It is quite irritating for me as I want to focus my attention on class lectures and compensate for the loss caused due to my sickness. Moreover, I want to move towards a routine which incorporates exercise regime.† With this statement, it was evident that she wanted support for implementing a lifestyle which will be in compliance with her requirements. At this point, I had to ask more information so I used the paraphrasing technique: This statement clarified everything that she wanted to get rid of the inactiveness caused due to sickness and motivate herself to include exercise in her routine. In order to summarize the interview, I said: The client agreed with my response and it was a productive activity as it highlighted the main area of concern. During this exercise, I made effective use of reflection, summarization, clarification and paraphrasing. Overall, I believe that I learnt about my

Motor Skills (MOVIE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motor Skills (MOVIE) - Essay Example All players were at an early stage of learning that the coach believed required a type of challenge that surpasses other challenges the players dealt with outside training such as racial discrimination. A challenge from Coach Boone during training assuredly taught his team to apply the attitude of â€Å"fight[ing] together† in all challenging situations (Yakin, 2000). Motivation in Remember the Titans came from the coach, immediate surroundings, and during the advanced phases of learning. A fundamental principle of kinesiology is encouraging advanced staged learners to pursue their interests at all costs, which is applicable in sports. Motivation in Remember the Titans influences the performance of the student athletes positively. More specifically, Coach Boone compelled the high school learners to unite for a common cause despite racial differences (Yakin, 2000). Industriousness and patience are values that make up the motivation principle necessary for accomplishing ultimate motor control. Repetitive practice is Coach Boone’s main instrument for assuring motor control within the team ahead of all games. Coach Boone makes sure his team’s quarterback acquire the necessary game-like motor control as he puts him through many practices that enable him to perform and maintain the ability to implement these motor skills. A quarterback is not prosperous without these three primary aspects. Coach Boone instills these aspects in all players and not the quarterback only by emphasizing the interaction of all team players to discover their backgrounds before practice (Yakin, 2000). The film centers on the training of a group of talented football players through the enhancement of their physical abilities, maneuvering skills, opponent analysis, and existing knowledge about the sport and its history. To do this, Coach Boone believes he ought to

Personal goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal goals - Essay Example By profession I am into Nursing. Nursing literally means the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm. This in my opinion is a noble profession of fulfilling the medical needs of a patient and providing the best care to him to make him forget his pain and agony. Being a head Nurse, I know that I have to live by example, in order to motivate all my team members to make their best contribution towards patient care. Professional Short term goal: One professional short term goal for me would be to prepare my team of committed nurses in such a manner that we could get the 'best team of nurse's award' for the year 2008. I understand this would entail a determination on our part, mutual understanding and lot of hard work. A chain is said to be as strong as the weakest link in it. A team is also composed of a number of people with differing abilities, and motivation levels. We do realize that a cohesive team of highly motivated Nurses can therefore do wonders for the profession, people's care and growth of the organization. Fu-Jin Shih et al (2006) stated that 'humanity as demonstrated by empathic and respectful attitudes' is one of the core values of Nursing. In order that all fellow Nurses in my team inculcate this very idea, I'll be working hard with the team. One long term Professional Goal: I understand long term success means living up-to th... Nonetheless, the recognition as a worthy servant of humanity makes the efforts worth enjoyable. Once, as a team leader, I am able to establish my credentials, I'd like to be part the core managing team, so that I can take some bold initiatives towards the welfare of patients as well as the Nurses at my workplace. Though it might appear too ambitious to become true soon enough, but I know it is very important for a team leader that she is able to take all possible welfare measures for her team members. This would ultimately benefit the organization. Training and development of Nurses is one of my target areas where I'd like to focus on once I am on the management board. A number of studies have come out in support of the notion that training had a positive impact, particularly in the extent to which the work practice of employees such as nursing assistants can affect the well being of users (Burgio & Burgio, 1990). Personal Short term goal: It is very important that the personal life remains an encouraging force in the pursuit of professional goals. If once can leave for days' works with a happy smile from family members and children, it is bound to translate into better customer care at the work place. Therefore, for the sake of happiness of my family I intend to take a week to fifteen days leave from my office so that I could have an enjoyable Europe tour with my family. This would surely bring smiles on the faces of kids, which in turn will help me to forget all worries and refresh me for a fresh innings of professional service. I am in the process of arranging enough money for the tours and within next one two months I'll be talking to travel agencies to finalize the itinerary. Personal Long Term goal: Being into the hospital services,